Les Misérables (1862) Epic tale following ex-convict Jean Valjean through decades of French history while exploring themes of justice, redemption, and social inequality.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) Historical novel set in medieval Paris chronicling the tragic story of bell-ringer Quasimodo, the beautiful Esmeralda, and the Gothic cathedral of Notre-Dame.

The Man Who Laughs (1869) Dark narrative about a disfigured man in 17th-century England who becomes a performer while navigating political intrigue and forbidden love.

Toilers of the Sea (1866) Story of a fisherman's solitary battle against the elements as he attempts to recover a wrecked ship's engine to win his love's hand in marriage.

Ninety-Three (1874) Novel set during the French Revolution focusing on the conflict between republicanism and royalism in the Vendée region.

The Last Day of a Condemned Man (1829) First-person narrative of a prisoner's final hours before execution, serving as a critique of capital punishment.

Bug-Jargal (1826) Tale of friendship and rivalry set against the backdrop of the Haitian Revolution.

Hans of Iceland (1823) Gothic novel about a murderous monster and a young man seeking revenge in medieval Norway.

Les Contemplations (1856) Collection of poetry dealing with love, loss, and memory, largely influenced by the death of Hugo's daughter.

La Légende des siècles (1859-1883) Epic poem collection attempting to portray the history and evolution of humanity.

Les Feuilles d'automne (1831) Poetry collection exploring themes of nature, memory, and the passage of time.

Les Rayons et les Ombres (1840) Verses examining contrasts between light and darkness in both natural and spiritual realms.

Odes et Ballades (1826) Early collection of lyric poetry demonstrating Hugo's romantic style and political views.

Dieu (published posthumously, 1891) Philosophical poem exploring religious and metaphysical questions.

Actes et Paroles (1875-1876) Collection of political speeches and writings documenting Hugo's public life and social activism.

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